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Hawaii
Hawaii Aquaculture report by the National Agriculture Statistic Service is available for download here [7]. Hawaii grown aquaculture reached a record $34.7 million in 2008, increasing 38 percent from 2007. Algae sales accounted for 45 percent of the value and amounted to $15.7 million. Finfish sales by weight valued at $7.0 million, comprised 20 percent of the total. The ornamental category was pegged at $3.3 million or 10 percent of the total. The ‘other’ category includes seed stock, brood stock, and other items counted by number, accounted for 24 percent or $8.3 million. Hawaii County continued to lead the State in aquaculture sales with $27.8 million or 80 percent of the total value. Sales from Honolulu, Kauai and Maui Counties accounted for the remaining 20 percent [7].
Kona Blue Water farms raises kahala in tanks that are then taken to the ocean pens to mature [3]. Kahala is a lowly native fish that in the wild is prone to a reef toxin called ciguatera. Commercial fishermen throw kahala back in the ocean if they catch it. The premium product is called Kona Kampachi, the trademarked name of the cultivated version of kahala (also known as Hawaiian yellowtail and almaco jack), or Seriola rivoliana [4] . Kona blue aims at being an exemple of sustainable aquaculture and was meticulous about consulting with the public (everyone from commercial fishers and other shoreline interests to Hawaiian community elders). However, there is a debate between the company, ecologist groups and local communities about environmental impact (it's a carnivorous fish) and economic benefit. There was also a problem with shark, since one specimen had to be killed for ensuring Kona Blue's staff safety [2], but shocking the nearby community [3]. Local Hawaiian groups oppose Kona Blue's expansion plans [2]. Kona Blue's operation has two main components: a land-based hatchery and an open-ocean "ranch" situated under water a half-mile offshore of Keahole Point. Look [4] for more technical details about farming technologies used. At harvest, which occur twice weekly, the fish weigh about 6 to 8 pounds [4]. Kona Blue received 4 million USD in venture capital from Cornerstone and a few other firms. Now, the company employs about 30 staffers, most of whom have degrees in biology or marine sciences, or have worked in the diving tourism industry. The cost of the fish is now at about $20 per pound retail but should decrease [4]. As of March 2009, Kona Blue harvests 25000 pounds per week at a price of 17 USD per filleted pound when purchased directly [2]. However, Kona Blue is not yet profitable [2] [3].
Two local companies are hoping to ride the wave of popularity of aquaculture products by proposing large fish farms off O'ahu and the Kona Coast of the Big Island. Grove Farm Fish & Poi LLC, formerly known as Cates International, is seeking to expand its ocean fish farm off 'Ewa Beach from 28 acres to 61 acres. The company, the state's first commercial open-ocean fish farm, is hoping to boost production of moi (Pacific threadfin) from 1.2 million pounds to 5 million pounds. Meanwhile, Hawaii Oceanic Technology Inc. is proposing a 247-acre tuna farm off Kawaihae in West Hawai'i to raise bigeye and yellowfin tuna. The company said the farm could produce 12 million pounds of fish per year [9]. Hawaii Oceanic Technology Inc. proposes to raise sashimi-grade fish, from eggs to plate, in 12 giant cages in deep waters. Hawaii Oceanic hopes to avoid criticisms by developing better breeding techniques, a sustainable organic feed and a new type of storm and shark-proof underwater cage [8].
University of Hawaii Aquaculture Program Coordinator is calling for collaboration between the different entities at the university, federal and state agencies and departments and the aquaculture industry through a letter published on Internet [10].
Aquaculture farmers in Hawai'i are now able apply for federal stimulus money to help offset high feed prices experienced by the industry last year. The state Department of Agriculture last week said the U.S. Department of Agriculture has allocated $150,000 as Hawai'i's portion of $50 million feed stimulus funding [11].
Hawaii
Hawaii Aquaculture report by the National Agriculture Statistic Service is available for download here [7]. Hawaii grown aquaculture reached a record $34.7 million in 2008, increasing 38 percent from 2007. Algae sales accounted for 45 percent of the value and amounted to $15.7 million. Finfish sales by weight valued at $7.0 million, comprised 20 percent of the total. The ornamental category was pegged at $3.3 million or 10 percent of the total. The ‘other’ category includes seed stock, brood stock, and other items counted by number, accounted for 24 percent or $8.3 million. Hawaii County continued to lead the State in aquaculture sales with $27.8 million or 80 percent of the total value. Sales from Honolulu, Kauai and Maui Counties accounted for the remaining 20 percent [7].
Kona Blue Water farms raises kahala in tanks that are then taken to the ocean pens to mature [3]. Kahala is a lowly native fish that in the wild is prone to a reef toxin called ciguatera. Commercial fishermen throw kahala back in the ocean if they catch it. The premium product is called Kona Kampachi, the trademarked name of the cultivated version of kahala (also known as Hawaiian yellowtail and almaco jack), or Seriola rivoliana [4] . Kona blue aims at being an exemple of sustainable aquaculture and was meticulous about consulting with the public (everyone from commercial fishers and other shoreline interests to Hawaiian community elders). However, there is a debate between the company, ecologist groups and local communities about environmental impact (it's a carnivorous fish) and economic benefit. There was also a problem with shark, since one specimen had to be killed for ensuring Kona Blue's staff safety [2], but shocking the nearby community [3]. Local Hawaiian groups oppose Kona Blue's expansion plans [2]. Kona Blue's operation has two main components: a land-based hatchery and an open-ocean "ranch" situated under water a half-mile offshore of Keahole Point. Look [4] for more technical details about farming technologies used. At harvest, which occur twice weekly, the fish weigh about 6 to 8 pounds [4]. Kona Blue received 4 million USD in venture capital from Cornerstone and a few other firms. Now, the company employs about 30 staffers, most of whom have degrees in biology or marine sciences, or have worked in the diving tourism industry. The cost of the fish is now at about $20 per pound retail but should decrease [4]. As of March 2009, Kona Blue harvests 25000 pounds per week at a price of 17 USD per filleted pound when purchased directly [2]. However, Kona Blue is not yet profitable [2] [3].
Two local companies are hoping to ride the wave of popularity of aquaculture products by proposing large fish farms off O'ahu and the Kona Coast of the Big Island. Grove Farm Fish & Poi LLC, formerly known as Cates International, is seeking to expand its ocean fish farm off 'Ewa Beach from 28 acres to 61 acres. The company, the state's first commercial open-ocean fish farm, is hoping to boost production of moi (Pacific threadfin) from 1.2 million pounds to 5 million pounds. Meanwhile, Hawaii Oceanic Technology Inc. is proposing a 247-acre tuna farm off Kawaihae in West Hawai'i to raise bigeye and yellowfin tuna. The company said the farm could produce 12 million pounds of fish per year [9]. Hawaii Oceanic Technology Inc. proposes to raise sashimi-grade fish, from eggs to plate, in 12 giant cages in deep waters. Hawaii Oceanic hopes to avoid criticisms by developing better breeding techniques, a sustainable organic feed and a new type of storm and shark-proof underwater cage [8].
University of Hawaii Aquaculture Program Coordinator is calling for collaboration between the different entities at the university, federal and state agencies and departments and the aquaculture industry through a letter published on Internet [10].
Aquaculture farmers in Hawai'i are now able apply for federal stimulus money to help offset high feed prices experienced by the industry last year. The state Department of Agriculture last week said the U.S. Department of Agriculture has allocated $150,000 as Hawai'i's portion of $50 million feed stimulus funding [11].
New Caledonia
- Shrimp farming in New Caledonia
Tahiti
An Aquaculture Technical Center will be build on Ifremer's campus at Vairao, with shrimp and "Paraha peue" (reef fish) hatcheries. It will start its operations in early 2011 and aims at sustaining aquaculture chain in French Polynesia. A cooperative for buying feed will also be established. Aquaculture of new species might be developed [1].
French Polynesia is also home for an important Pearl oyster aquaculture industry. For the last two years, breeders are held at Ifremer campus in Rangiroa (Tuamotu's archipelago) and a quality improvement project is on-going. This includes understanding factors affecting pearl's formation and defect apparition [6].
French Polynesia is also home for an important Pearl oyster aquaculture industry. For the last two years, breeders are held at Ifremer campus in Rangiroa (Tuamotu's archipelago) and a quality improvement project is on-going. This includes understanding factors affecting pearl's formation and defect apparition [6].
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.lunion.presse.fr/index.php/cms/13/article/342131/Aquaculture__a_Tahiti (consulted on August 24, 2009)
[2] http://www.scribd.com/doc/16264359/Kona-Blues-Ocean-Aquaculture-Marketing-the-Myth-of-Sustainability (consulted on August 24, 2009)
[3] http://kgmb9.com/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19410&Itemid=173 (consulted on August 19, 2009)
[4] http://www.seattlepi.com/local/260433_kampachi22.html (consulted on August 19, 2009)
[5] http://www.lunion.presse.fr/index.php/cms/13/article/342183/Le_culte_scientifique__de_la_perle_noire (consulted on August 24, 2009)
[6] http://www.lunion.presse.fr/index.php/cms/13/article/342183/Le_culte_scientifique__de_la_perle_noire (consulted on August 24, 2009)
[7] http://hawaii-agriculture.com/hawaii-agriculture-blog/hawaii-aquaculture/ (consulted on August 26, 2009)
[8] http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/20090730/OPINION01/907300303/0/OPINION02/-Ahi-farming-must-be-eco-friendly (consulted on August 26, 2009)
[9] http://www.honoluluadvertiser.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2009908310327 (consulted on August 31, 2009)
[10] http://bizcovering.com/business/aquaculture-program-coordinator-call-for-collaboration-to-achieve-food-security-to-hawaii/ (consulted on September 10, 2009)
[11] http://fwix.com/share/29_cd8a9ed3dc (consulted on September 17, 2009)
[12] http://wwz.ifremer.fr/brest/conferences/2009_2010/resume_yves_harache_et_alain_herbland (consulted on October 3, 2009)
[13] http://wwz.ifremer.fr/brest/conferences/2009_2010/resume_yves_harache_et_alain_herbland (consulted on October 3, 2009)
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