Aquaculture in Africa / November update

People interested in joining a network on aquaculture in sub-saharan Africa, please consult http://www.sarnissa.org/. Disclaimer: This is not an extensive review of aquaculture in each country, this is a digest of the news about aquaculture in Africa released on Internet this month. The validity of any information or figures quoted is the responsibility of the individual newspapers and websites concerned. Also please check previous updates: August 2009, September 2009, October 2009.

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Africa

• West Africa: Certifying African seafood

Stakeholders from Senegal, Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau and Niger are in two-day conclave in Dakar, the Senegalese capital, with their Northern counterparts for the labeling of certain West Africa seafood products. The meeting, hold on November 3 and 4, is part of the project "Biodiversity and project of development of productions located in coastal West Africa " (BIODIVALLOC). The primary objective is to enhance the seafood at three marine protected areas namely, the Biosphere Reserve Saloum Delta in Senegal, the National Park Banc d'Arguin in Mauritania and the Biosphere Reserve Boloma Bijagos in Guinea-Bissau. These include, among other local specialties, the Poutargue in Mauritania, the "Kéthiax" (dried fish) from Cayar, the "Touffa" from Moundé or the shrimp from the Casamance in Senegal. "In the South, the main certifying instruments are geographical Indications (GIs), eco-certification, or Fair Trade labels," said the program coordinator is Marie Christine Cormier Salem [10].

• OMVS support microprojects

Through this institution devoted to the management of the Senegal River valley, many micro-projects have been funded. Member countries are repleted with IGA (Income Generating Activities) implemented by NGOs and associations. In Guinea, five villages benefited from a 13,186,575 CFA project that permitted to harvest at least 1 400 tonnes of fish after 3 months of stocking. After restoring fish ponds for 6,926,827 CFA, tilapia is available in quantity and quality [27].

• East Africa: EAC moves to save Nile perch

The Council of Ministers of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) has signed a joint release aimed at eradicating illegal fishing and trade in immature Nile Perch in local and regional markets. The Ministers of Fisheries from Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania agreed to contribute funding of up to US$ 600,000 by partner states for emergency to clean up the illegalities by January and reverse the decline of Nile perch biomass in Lake Victoria. The biomass of Nile Perch has steadily reduced from 1.2 million metric tons in the year 2000 to an alarming level of 310 million tons. The Kenyan government has realized that aquaculture can assist in revamping the economy and has provided sh1.1 billion under the Economic Stimulus Program for the current financial year for pond construction in the rural areas [16].

• Africa-China's action map

China and 49 African countries will implement, within three years, a series of actions to strengthen their economic cooperation, particularly in the areas of agricultural development, infrastructure and Chinese investment in Africa, according to the Action map 2010-2012 adopted in Sharm el-Cheilkh, Egypt by the 4th Ministerial Conference of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). Regarding agriculture, that has always been a priority in the China-Africa Cooperation, the two parties will widen cooperation in areas such as construction of agricultural infrastructure, production of cereals, livestock, the exchange and transfer techonologies agricultural practices, processing, storage and transportation of agricultural products. The Chinese government decided to send agricultural technical missions in Africa and train agricultural technicians for African countries, as the action plan (2010-2012). China will also continue to increase the number of centers of agricultural technology demonstration in Africa. For facilities already built, China will handle them well for their turn to perform experiments, demonstrations and training in the areas of selection of seeds, cultivation, aquaculture and livestock [19].

• Storing water to adapt to climate change

Small dams can improve communities' water security according to a policy brief, published by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), that considers water storage options for adapting to climate change. Storing water spurs economic growth and helps alleviate poverty because it makes water available when and where it is needed, say the authors. But many developing countries have insufficient water storage capacity to cope with today's variability in rainfall and temperature, let alone with the more extreme variations expected with climate change. In Ethiopia, for example, the lack of storage infrastructure means farmers cannot cope with droughts. The authors argue that more water storage is essential if developing countries are to secure reliable water supplies for agriculture and other uses. Thousands of small community dams in Burkina Faso and Ghana show that small-scale storage options can effectively improve smallholder water security [32].

Europe

• UK-farmed Tilapia and Cornish red gurnard from J&J Seafood

M&J Seafood champions two British-reared varieties - tilapia and Cornish red gurnard - as sustainable alternatives to endangered varieties. Its tilapia is farmed in East Anglia and Cambridgeshire to provide a longer shelf life and reduce the carbon footprint from imported fish. Both red/orange and black varieties provide a firm, white flesh with a neutral taste that partners well with stronger flavours and accompaniments [18].

Algeria

• Two pilot farms to come into production by the end of the first quarter of 2010.

The national plan for directing the development of fisheries activities will defines the Ministry's strategy until the year 2025. The wilaya of Ain Temouchent will benefit from 28 projects of which 10 are for fishing and 18 for aquaculture production. Two pilot farms will come into production by the end of the first quarter of 2010. This is the Aqua-Tafna firm based in Rachgoun in daïra Oulhaca, which will start production of sea bass and sea bream, and Aqua-Sol firm based in M'Saïd for the production of sole. The annual global production of these two infrastructures will be of the order of 1 700 tonnes, part of which will be exported [8].

Cape Verde

• Brazil exports technology for shrimp farming to Cape Verde

A Brazilian experience of shrimp farming is to be replicated in Cape Verde based on a partnership, an official from Brazilian fisheries sector company, Universo Pescados do Ceará said Thursday in Fortaleza. We are going to bring together Brazilian technology and Dutch resources to build a shrimp farm on the Island of Sao Vicente,” fisheries engineer Fabiano Lima told Portuguese news agency Lusa. Construction of the shrimp farm will begin in January, 2010 and the farm should produce 80 tonnes of shrimp per year initially (140 tonnes per year later). Universo is already working on another project in partnership with the Cape Verdean company to farm tilapia for bait for use in tuna fishing [25].

CAR

• UPEDI, an NGO promoting food security in Zemio

UPEDI is an NGO gathering farmers supporting integrated development in Bounma, 15 km from Zémio (Haut Mbomou province). Its objective is to support and help capacity building of farmers, build farms and promote agriculture and fish farming in Zemio. As of today, it has 30 members [20].

Ghana

• Ghana's Aquaculture To Grow

Ghana's aquaculture potential is expected to see an increased growth in the next decade, although climate change is expected to bite hard on food production across the world, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) representative to Africa, Dr Musah F. Mbenga. Ghana's aquaculture production, he indicated, had tripled over the last five years to almost 4000 metric tonnes annually and still had the potential for continued high growth [15].

Egypt

• Overview of aquaculture industry in Egypt

Egypt has built the largest aquaculture industry in Africa, accounting for four out of every five fish farmed on the continent. Egyptian fish farms produced over 650,000 tons of finfish last year, or about 60 percent of the country's total freshwater and marine fish production, providing a cheap source of protein for the country's 80 million people. "The massive growth of aquaculture has kept fish affordable for the majority of Egyptians, so that today fish and poultry prices are more or less similar (cost) per kilo basis," says Malcolm Beveridge, Director of Aquaculture and Genetics at the WorldFish Centre. "It seems the majority of consumers switch between the two, depending on which is cheaper." The General Authority for Fish Resources Development (GAFRD) plans to develop the country's aquaculture industry further, and has set a goal of 1.1 million tons of farmed fish, or about 75 percent of total fish production, by 2012. Laws passed over a quarter of a century ago prohibit aquaculture projects from drawing surface water, but a loophole permits fish farms to have first use of groundwater. Farmers can pump clean water from aquifers into fish ponds, using the nutrient-rich drainage of these ponds to fertilise and irrigate field crops - a holistic approach to food production known as integrated aquaculture. The technique is already in practice on an experimental farm in Wadi Natroun, a depression 110 kilometers northwest of Cairo. Species selection will be critical to the commercial success of these projects, say experts. Mariculture operators must consider a fish's rearing costs, growth rate, space requirements and market demand. Native plant-eating fish like mullet are in high local demand, but must be reared in shallow ponds with large surface area. By contrast, sea bass and sea bream can be cultured intensively in cages or tanks, but require enriched fish feeds that drive up costs. The real winner, say experts, is the Egyptian consumer. The growth of the aquaculture sector has resulted in lower retail fish prices, which has in part encouraged Egyptians to add more fish to their diet. Per capita fish consumption has doubled since 1995 to reach nearly 14 kilograms, and fish now accounts for over 20 percent of animal protein intake [5].

Ethiopia

• Ambo University hosts aquaculture training course in conjunction with Auburn University

Based on the recommendations of the International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture (COFA 2009) which was held during May 2009, the Ambo University, Ethiopia has now organized a week long Aquaculture Training for Fishery Professionals of Ethiopia from 2nd to 7th November 2009. The training was inaugurated by His Excellency Ato Lakew Wondimu, the Vice President of Ambo University. Dr. Eshete Dejen, Fisheries Technical Officer, FAO Sub Regional office for Eastern Africa, Addis Ababa and Ato Hussein Abegaz from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Govt of Ethiopia addressed the participants. Both Professor Natarajan, Director CATER and Ato Alemayehu, HOD of Biology, Ambo University described the importance of imparting advanced level training in aquaculture to the Fishery Professionals of Ethiopia [24].

Kenya

• Fish farming project meant to create 120,000 jobs

The first phase of a government project meant to create 120,000 jobs and boost food security through fish farming has started. The Ministry of Fisheries had earlier placed adverts in local dailies requesting youth groups interested in the project to forward applications. Under the program, the government plans to create economic opportunities through a Sh1.1 billion stimulus package to be channeled through youth groups at the constituency level. In addition to trying to alleviate poverty, the ministry hopes that the program will foster fish farming as this would give sources such as Lake Victoria time to replenish their stocks which have been dwindling due to overfishing. Lack of extension services, quality fingerlings, and insufficient training for extension workers have led to the decline of the industry [6] [33].

Malawi

• Malawi faces declining fish stocks

The Malawian government estimates that the fishing industry keeps more than 300,000 Malawians in employment. Around 14 per cent of lakeshore communities survive through fishing, fish processing, marketing, boat and gear sales and repairs and other related industries. Fishing is a key factor in the country's food security - contributing as much as 70 per cent of animal protein in rural and urban areas. However, the average fish catch declined from around 65,000 metric tonnes per year in the 1970s and 1980s to just 50,000 metric tonnes per year in the late 1990s. By 2003, fisheries experts - alarmed by the dwindling fish stocks - embarked on a 10-year strategic plan to restore fish numbers. The plan aims to restore depleted fish stocks to a sustainable level. Bingu wa Mutharika, the Malawian president, also launched a nationwide plan called the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA), with the aim of improving community resilience, restoring forests, improving agricultural production and preparedness for floods and droughts and boosting climate monitoring. NAPA will cost $22.43m which, to date, has not been forthcoming from the international community that initially urged Malawi to develop its plan [17].

Mali

• Ms. Guéye Safi Diarra wants a fair fish market

Ms. Diarra Gueye Safi is a merchant of freshwater and marine fish and for 10 years, she has been the chairwoman of the Women's Cooperative of Fish Vendors on the market of Commune II (Medina district, Bamako). The Cooperative is affiliated to the Cooperative of fishermen, fish farmers and merchants of freshwater & sea fish, created in 1981. Safi is also a member of other associations such as the Association of Rural Women, fishermen and fish farmers in Mali and women entrepreneurs in Mali. Her business of selling fish really suits her, because it allowed her to be financially independent. All children of Ms. Safi Diarra are all graduates because it is a profitable trade. However, Ms. Gueye also mentions constraints of this activity, related to the high cost of vehicles, lack of fish in the river, denial of credit by banks. Because there is no more fish in the Niger river, to get fish, she must travel to Kayes, Koulikoro, Segou, Mopti and Gao, sometimes as far as Senegal. And for that, a vehicle must be hired (300,000 CFA to 1,000,000 CFA). To get started in this business, you need at least million as working capital. Government of Mali recently established a single market for the sale of fish, located in Sénou [1].

• Rice-Fish farming pilot experiment in Baguinéda

The Regional Directorate of Fisheries in Koulikoro initiated, in conjunction with the Baguinéda's Office for irrigation (OPIB), a pilot experiment on growing fish in a pond dug into a rice field. The fish farming has the advantage of providing animal protein, but it is also a source of additional income for the producer. If successful the experiment could be extended throughout the national territory. The National Directorate of Fisheries submitted to USAID in 2006 a proposition for aimed at supporting development in the fisheries sector in Mali. The U.S. partner agreed to the proposal by initiating a field mission in Mali. It was led by Harry Rea, fisheries specialist at USAID headquarters. This mission was successful and the preparation of a wide project to support fisheries and aquaculture sector in Mali started in collaboration with the University of Oregon in the United States. It will last three years (2008-2010) and is funded by USAID for a total of 750,000 U.S. dollars. Officers of the Regional Directorate of Fisheries Koulikoro component of the "rice-fish" have also been trained in Sichuan Aquaculture Engineering of China [28], [29], [30].

Morocco

• Draft law on the establishment of the Agency for the Development of Aquaculture

The Government will meet on November 5 in Rabat under the chairmanship of Prime Minister Abbas El Fassi. It will consider a bill on the establishment of the National Agency for the development of marine aquaculture [9].

• Towards a National Agency for Aquaculture

A draft law on the establishment of the National Agency for aquaculture has been adopted at the last meeting of the Council of Government. The draft gives the agency the task of promoting aquaculture, proposing specific action plans in line with the national fisheries strategy, develop a regulatory framework to adequately support the development of potential aquaculture production in the developing the export and domestic market [23].

• Halieutis, an integrated strategy for the expansion of the fishing sector

Halieutis Plan, announced in late September by the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Maritime Fishing, represents an integrated strategy for the expansion and modernization of the fishing industry, said Thursday the British government economic intelligence, Oxford Business Group (OBG). An essential component of the strategy is to develop aquaculture to solve the problem of overfishing, the firm said, noting that the Halieutis plan paves the way for the creation of the National Agency for aquaculture development. In 2010, an aquaculture facility will be inaugurated at Ras El Ma, It will produce 40,000 crabs annually, says the source [26].

Mozambique

• Fisheries cooperation renewed with Norway and Iceland

The governments of Mozambique, Norway and Iceland have pledged to renew their cooperation in fisheries for the period 2009-2013, seeking to improve and make sustainable the exploitation of Mozambican fisheries resources. The programme of fisheries assistance for the next four years will be co-financed by Norway and Iceland to the tune of 27.7 million US dollars in grants, under new bilateral agreements and a tripartite memorandum of understanding. The funds will be used to strengthen the capacity and skills of the fisheries administration in the areas of research, fisheries management, aquaculture, artisanal fishing, quality control and training. It will also finance measures to improve the living conditions of fishing communities, and small and medium sized business activity [31].

Namibia

• Keetmans fish farm reaps first harvest

The Keetmanshoop Fonteintjie Community Fish Farm officially harvested its first catch last Friday, with residents of the town invited to enjoy the yield. “This is just the beginning,” commented Minister of Fisheries and Marine Resources Dr Abraham Iyambo. The region, though arid, is said to have large underground salty water resources, which Iyambo said is conducive to fish farming. The fish-farming project in the town was started in 2006 with the establishment of two ponds in which tilapia and carp are being bred, brought in from a similar initiative in the Hardap Region. In 2007, four more ponds were built and more fingerlings were obtained from the fisheries ministry, and all ponds became fully operational. The Keetmanshoop fish farm’s operation has already been diversified into an adjacent gardening project that is being irrigated with water from the fish ponds. In the Caprivi Region, the community running the fish farming initiative has generated N$2 million in 2008 [25].

Nigeria

• Somerville architect creates fish farms in Nigeria

Benjamin Walmer, 33, a Long Valley resident and owner of the Somerville-based Limm Architects, volunteered to join 11 other architects, civil engineers and alternative energy specialists in Prayers Farm Nigeria on the river in Akwa Ibom State. The team is working with Engineering Ministries International, a non-profit Christian development organization that designs hospitals, orphanages and schools for poor and developing countries. They intend to create a master plan for a sustainable fish farm and training center that will educate Nigerian farmers about aquaculture. The farm creates a system where water flows between a fish tank and a plant growing bed. The waste from the fish will supply nutrients to the plants and in turn the plants and micro-organisms clean the water that is returned to the fish tank [3].

• Naccima Faults Importation of N82.2 Billion Fish Annually

The Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA) has faulted the importation of 740,000 metric tonnes of fish valued at US$594.4 million (N82.8 billion) annually into the country. Data on domestic fish supply in the country shows that average domestic supply of fish hovers around 620,000 tonnes, which is augmented by fish importation, amounting to a total of 1.3 million tonnes [13].

• Nigeria: Uduaghan - Country is Ignorant of Climate Change

Governor Emmanuel Uduaghan of Delta State was among the governors across the world that attended the Global Governors Summit, hosted by the governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, last month, in the United States. The burning issue for discussion was climate change. Excerpt: “I had this opportunity to deal with this issue of climate change but it was during the amnesty period and I told myself that if the amnesty succeeds, one of the things I would do is to provide the means for our people to have alternative means of livelihood that is different from oil. And the alternative means include agriculture, aquaculture and crop farming but, right now, they cannot even go to the river to fish because the river is highly polluted and so you have clean the water and let the fishes come back, you have to regenerate the soil so that farmers can come back, you have to start planting trees and all that. So it is part of our comprehensive programme and I believe that as a nation, we are just ignorant of climate change, there is a lot in climate change” [21].

Reunion

• Exotic aquatic species becoming a concern

Excluding shellfish, at least eleven species of exotic fish and two shellfish (Australian lobster and Hachijyo crab) were introduced officially (for example, for the development of fisheries) or illegally. Species introduced intentionally include tilapia or guppies for fighting mosquito breeding sites. Aquarium fish are now found more and more frequently in rivers. This is the case of Nigro (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) that has become common in the Saint Jean River, in only four years. There is also the blue gourami, the sword-or-false neon. Some koi carps were released into Gol Lake and there are a few Florida turtles around the island. Specialists from ARDA or Fishermen Federation request the completion of an inventory programs and studies on the biology and ecology of these new species. The third most represented fish in Reunion waterways is now exotic: it is tilapia [12].

Senegal

• Aquaculture could be included in future Monaco-Senegal cooperation

In an interview given by Albert II, aquaculture is mentioned as an area in which the Monaco-Senegal cooperation could be developed in the future [2].

• A fish farm to be inaugurated soon in the Colobane district of Ziguinchor

The National Aquaculture Agency will soon inaugurate its future farm aimed at producing 500 tonnes of marine species every year, near the Emile Badiane Bridge's hatchery where it is already producing 3 million fry. Main species will be brackish water tilapias Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia Guineensis. Grow out to market size will be done in Colobane's 5 ponds (>1,000 m2 ponds each, total production capacity of 5 tons of fish likely to value up to 5 million CFA for each of 2 production cycles per year) [14].

• A project for the employment of suburban youth

In seven months, the Office for Youth Employment in the suburbs (OFEJBAN) has created 613 jobs. It also permitted the training of 60 young people among which, 25 young people selected for training in fish farming, horticulture and gardening for micro phase test. Other measures cited by Boubacar Ba, director of OFEJBAN, links to useful partnerships with some agencies and institutions including the National Agency for Aquaculture aimed at the implementation of integrated projects for fish farming, aquaculture, micro gardening [34].

South Africa

• South Africa and China to set up an aquaculture capacity building program

The cooperation between South Africa and China resulted in an agreement to set up an aquaculture capacity building program for South African officials, scientists and farmers. During the visit of a Chinese delegation to the Free State Department of Agriculture the Gariep Fish Hatchery was visited and identified as a suitable training centre and breeding station for Aquaculture Development in South Africa. The centre is envisaged to be a fingerling supply station to rural aquaculture community projects in the Free State province and outside the province. It will also serve as a research station and will provide training to agricultural scientists, technicians and farmers [4].

• Grahamstown's abandoned water works given a new lease on life as a fish farm and aquaculture training facility

Over the past five years, renowned ichthyologist Leslie Ter Morshuizen has turned the derelict and vandalised buildings at the old water works near Rhodes University into the biggest supplier of ornamental fish in the Eastern Cape. Selling in excess of “800 000 fish a year”, Ter Morshuizen’s Aquaculture Innovations breeds freshwater favourites like koi, goldfish, catfish, angel fish, guppies and even fresh water sharks for aquariums and pet shops. Besides raising and selling ornamental fish, the farm has a thriving aquaculture academy that attracts 50 students a year from as far as Europe and the rest of Africa “for practical fish farming training”. Although the old water works had been abandoned for years and was suggested to Ter Morshuizen by the local municipality as the perfect venue to set up a fish farm, it took several years before he could finally purchase the land. Instead of throwing away the water after the fish have used it, Ter Morshuizen twigged onto the idea of starting a nursery and using the precious resource to grow indigenous trees. Although it’s an ornamental fish farm, students are also taught to raise tilapia – “the second most cultivated fish in the world” – as South African demand for the tasty freshwater species grows [22].

Tunisia

• Fish farming grows in Medenine province

Five fish farming projects are now operational in strategic locations: SAT project at Boughrara's El Jorf, Sepat with floating cages in Zarzis, the Toni-pêche in Ajim and Mayer in Jdéria near Lake El-Biban. Four units are involved in the production, breeding and marketing of some types of fish such as the noble sea bass, sea bream, shrimp. The fifth unit is located in Djerba, "Jerbalgue" and is intended to treat algae and extract new food products and cosmetics. The production of these farms varies from 40 to 200 t, depending on the performance of each site. Direct and indirect jobs were created [7].

Uganda

• Fish farming pays off for Ntungamo farmer

Fish farming is relatively new in Uganda. It got its setbacks in the 1960’s and 70’s due to lack of encouragement from leaders and because it was labour intensive. Kasim Befunza, 54 started digging fish ponds in 2004 and stocked them with tilapia fish before embarking on cat fish. He now has nine ponds, not only produces cat fish ready for the market but is also a model farmer in his area. Befunza says he got his first Shs4m from his first fish harvest. Befunza however complains that he has not got any help from Naads since at first his area was not included in the Naads programme as far as fish farming was concerned. He says he sells his fish of about 4kg at Shs20,000 and does not incur any expenses in transporting as customers come to his ponds and buy directly. In one harvesting season of June-July this year, he earned Shs1.39m from fish fingerings and Shs2.9m from mature fish [11].

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