Aquaculture in Africa / April update

Disclaimer: This is not an extensive review of aquaculture in each country, this is a digest of the news about aquaculture in Africa released on Internet this month. The validity of any information or figures quoted is the responsibility of the individual newspapers and websites concerned. Also, please check previous updates: August 2009, September 2009, October 2009,November 2009, December 2009, January 2010, February 2010, March 2010

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World

• Seaweed cultivation helps in reducing impact of global warming

Seaweed cultivation reduces impact of global warming, as it has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide, according to M. Sakthivel, president, Aquaculture Foundation of India, Chennai. This Foundation is promoting the seaweed culture by assisting the stakeholders to get bank loans, government subsidy, imparting free technology training and marketing, Dr. Sakthivel told The Hindu here on Friday. “Since the bio-fertilizer extract from Kappaphycus seaweeds has growth-promoting hormones for plants, it is going to be a major source for bio-fertilizer production in India to facilitate organic agriculture. Bio fertilizers can be extracted from wet seaweed,” Dr. Sakthivel added. One million tonnes of seaweed could be produced in a year and around 10, 000 families could earn their daily bread on an average. About one thousand families are engaged in seaweed cultivation in the Palk Bay Island. Each family can earn a minimum of Rs. 500 to Rs. 1, 000 a day [3].

• Tilapia farming in British Columbia

Sjostrom has been in business since 2000, and with North American demand mushrooming, he is now one of more than 100 tilapia farmers in the U.S. and Canada. Annual consumption of tilapia in the U.S. quadrupled between 2003 and 2006, making it the fourth most popular seafood, behind shrimp, tuna and salmon. Sjostrom’s venture into fish farming was motivated, at least in part, by what he witnessed over 35 years of commercial fishing for salmon, halibut, tuna and herring. Concerned over the damage to stocks and habitat caused by certain wild B.C. fisheries, the Port Hardy native embarked on a second career as a dry-land fish farmer when he was in his mid-50s – right around the time he sold his salmon troller and got out of commercial fishing for good. Little did he know when he started that his sustainable farming approach would present a potential avenue forward for the B.C. salmon-farming industry, which is currently under siege by environmental groups and fish lovers of all stripes for its impact on marine ecosystems and wild Pacific salmon [6].

• Sustainable fish for pets

By 2020, pet products sold under brands Pedigree, Whiskas, Cesar and Sheba will not contain any fish from non sustainable fishery, according to a commitment made by Mars Petcare. The company is planning to replace the whole fish and fillets of fish from wild fisheries by "sustainable products". A first step towards this goal will be achieved this year with a selection of products that will be certified by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), an organization that works to promote sustainable fishing practices [10].

• Tilapia farming in Martinsville

U.S. Sen. Mark Warner toured Blue Ridge Aquaculture on Tuesday to learn about the company and its potential role in redeveloping the region’s economy. Blue Ridge Aquaculture is the world’s largest producer of tilapia using indoor recirculating aquaculture systems, according to its Web site. The company produces 4 million pounds of the fish per year and ships them to customers up and down the East Coast, according to the site and Vice President Jim Franklin. Warner toured several facilities at the company, including an 80,000-square-foot “grow out room” in which tanks teemed with fish at various stages of growth. Each 58,000-gallon tank holds more than 30,000 fish, Martin said. At harvest time, each tank produces between 53,000 and 55,000 pounds of fish, he said. Each one weighs about 1.75 pounds, he added. It takes about nine months for a fish to go from an egg to the point that it can be harvested, Franklin said. The process at Blue Ridge is a much more efficient use of resources, such as land and water, than traditional fisheries, according to Martin. Martin and Franklin said they believe Blue Ridge Aquaculture, through a public-private partnership with Virginia Tech, could help educate entrepreneurs and farmers about better ways to produce fish domestically. That is important, they said, because the United States currently imports about 80-85 percent of the fish Americans eat [11].

• EU-funded study urges caution on transgenic fish farming

Swedish researchers have sounded a warning bell: the escape of transgenic fish into the natural environment could trigger many problems and affect the well-being of people. The research from Sweden's University of Gothenburg is part of the ERATS ('Ecological risk-assessment of transgenic salmon') project, funded under the Marie Curie Actions – Outgoing International Fellowships instrument of the EU's Sixth Framework Programme (FP6). A major concern, say researchers, is that transgenic fish would beat out their natural counterparts. But it's hard to determine how escaped transgenic fish would affect the natural environment, because a laboratory environment is not exactly the same as a natural setting. 'One option is to farm the transgenic fish on land, which would make escape impossible,' the Swedish researcher explained. 'At least fertile fish should be kept in a closed system.' Commercial farming of transgenic fish is not allowed anywhere, but a number of applications for such operations are being assessed by EU and US authorities [13].

• Managing wastewater more effectively

Better management of wastewater could improve water security and quality. A policy brief, published by the Global Water Partnership, highlights the need to integrate wastewater into water resources management. Better management of wastewater can help tackle water scarcity and pollution, says the author. This requires an integrated approach that encompasses the whole water cycle, from the available water resources to treatment and reuse. Few developing countries treat wastewater — only one per cent of wastewater from households and industry in Africa is treated — but many do reuse it, most commonly for irrigation. However although this practice can increase crop yields and farmer incomes, it carries significant environmental and public health risks — including groundwater contamination and increased incidence of diarrhoeal disease — unless accompanied by effective treatment and regulation [14].

• France launches new campaign to improve fish farming's image

Criticized for polluting and producing bad fish, French fish farming sector "refuses the mix" with the fish farming industry "based in Asia or Africa". Pascal Le Gal, president of the Interprofessional Committee for Aquaculture (CIPA) laments of the bad image of the sector. "We have no reason to be ashamed of what we do". By launching a market campaign in April, with a new label and public opening of a dozen companies, the industry wants to overcome stereotypes. The sector counts 450 to 500 sites and 2,500 direct jobs (10,000 indirect) [18]. But the campaign of the industry that refuses the mix with its Asian and African counterparts also raised some reaction from the French shellfish industry that refuses the mix with the French fish farming sector [19].

Algeria

• Six pond stocked

Another six ponds in the wilaya of Ain Temouchent have been stocked with carp fry, in addition to the 250 carp fingerlings stocked in Sidi Amar's dam. This operation was conducted in collaboration with the National Research Center for the Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) of Bousmaïl, the Direction of Water Resources and the Committee responsible for ponds stocking in the wilaya. This year new species of fish will be stocked. These include carp, pike, mullet and tilapia. Two private farms will be in operation during the first half of 2010 in the wilaya of Ain Temouchent. The first one farm will produce 600 tons / year of sea bass and sea breams. The second one will produce 1,000 tons / year of soles and 4 million fry, said the CHRO [7].

• An executive decree to regulate the aquaculture activities

In view of the development of aquaculture, an executive decree has been published in order to define the terms and conditions for granting the concession for the establishment of an aquaculture industry. The decree also establishes a list of specifications that a concessionaire is required to comply with [20].

• Algeria and Vietnam sign several cooperation agreements

Algeria and Vietnam sign several cooperation agreements, including a memorandum of understanding and cooperation in the field of fisheries and aquaculture. It has been signed by the Minister Delegate for Maghreb and African Affairs Abdelkader Messahel, and Deputy Minister of Agriculture and Development Rural Vietnam, Quang Minh Guyen [29].

Congo

• Heavy rains destroy fish ponds in Kananga

Heavy rains on Kananga town in Western Kasaï province have completely destroyed several fish ponds. Most of them have lost all fish they contained, generating a major loss to fish farlers. Similar destruction have also been recorded in Nganza and Katoka [1].

• Chinese take control of N'Sele site

600 ha of the Domaine Agropastoral industriel de la N'Sele (DAIPN)'s 3500 ha are now under the control of the Chinese company ZTE Agribusiness Congo Sprl. This is part of an agreement signed by the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, Norbert Basengezi Katintima. The DAIPN farm possess 11 pond that have been rehabilitated and produce fry [2].

Egypt

• Aquaculture effluent biofuels project launched

Houston-based energy projects development company Energy Allied International and the Seawater Foundation and Global Seawater, Inc, pioneers in the development of Integrated Seawater Agriculture Systems (ISAS), have signed an MOU to develop the world’s first commercial-scale seawater-based biofuels project in Egypt: "New Nile Co." It will be one of the largest biofuels investments thus far in the Middle East or Africa. ISAS is an advanced biofuels production model that uses effluent from seawater aquaculture as a natural fertilizer to grow large plantations of the halophyte (naturally salt resistant plant) salicornia, which can yield hefty volumes of high-grade vegetable oil for use as a biofuel feedstock. New Nile plans to produce tens of millions of lts of biofuels from a 50,000 ha-project site. Jointly with leading architecture design firm and the project’s lead planning advisor, Gensler, the developers are presently considering potential site locations along the Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts. Already having successfully applied the ISAS model in Eritrea after conducting broad research and development in Mexico, the developers are secure of achieving similarly favourable results in Egypt [32].

Ivory Coast

• The France-Bénin Association

The France-Bénin Association will be presenting the movie directed by its president George Dutreuil on its various activities, including a fish farm in Ivory Coast [28].

Kenya

• Fish farmers net profits in arid lands

Fish farms are sprouting up in the unlikeliest of places — the dry arid lands of Ukambani. Hundreds of fish ponds are being constructed in the region and other arid and semi-arid lands thanks to a government project seeking to stimulate rural economies. The constituencies are in high aquaculture areas of Central Kenya, Western Kenya, and parts of Rift Valley, Nyanza, Eastern and Coast regions, with plans to scale up in other parts in the next financial year. Known as the fish farming enterprise programme, the venture is a boon to farmers like Maingi whom the government now relies on for supplying fingerlings for stocking the 28,000 fishponds to be put up by July this year. Under the programme run by the fisheries ministry, farmers are helped to construct a pond and stock them with quality fingerlings-free of charge. The Sh1.12 billion programme has been running since January and so far, some 13,444 ponds are ready against the target of 28,000. Mr Sammy Macharia of the Fisheries ministry says Treasury has so far released Sh623 million, enough to construct 14,000 fishponds, stock them with fingerlings and buy feeds to last eight months when the fish is ready for harvesting. Besides the catfish and tilapia he rears for sale, Mr Maingi is raising thousands of fingerlings which he supplies to farmers supported through the programme. So far, he has supplied 30,000 fingerlings in Taita Taveta, Kitui (10,000), Machakos (30,000) and Kajiado North (30,000) [22].

• Fish rake in Sh138 million for farmers

Fish farming in the North Rift generated over Sh138 million last year as more farmers ventured into the sub-sector due to its attractive returns. An average of 1,012 metric tonnes of fish were produced from aquaculture. The catch is expected to increase following aggressive campaigns by the Ministry of Fisheries. Moi University has been instrumental in educating farmers in modern fish farming techniques in Western Kenya region. At the same time, private forest farmers from the region are earning millions of shillings from the sub-sector due to increased prices of woodlot products. Annual income from wood products rose from Sh9.8 million to Sh14. 5 million [25].

Madagascar

• Intermarche retail group is committed to responsible trade with Unima and UNICEF

Intermarche signed at the headquarters of the group in Bondoufle (France), a partnership agreement with Unima, shrimp producer from Madagascar. This partnership covers the development of a market operation from May 4 to 15 during Fairtrade's two weeks. For every kilo of shrimp purchased from Madagascar, Intermarche committed to donate one euro for the construction of a school and a library in a village in Besoka, Western Madagascar. This serves three purposes:

• Moving into concrete action that responds to real needs
• Promote sustainable aquaculture of fair shrimp
• Allow customers to discover a new product with specific characteristics

With this operation, the funds collected are used to finance the construction of a public high school in partnership with UNICEF. The opening is scheduled for October 2010. The French Alliance, already partner on Unima curriculum will also be associated with this project for the provision of all learning materials and the school library [30].

Mali

• Kuwait Fund to develop fish farming

The Kuwait Fund has granted Mali a loan worth 7.5 billion FCFA for the development of irrigation in Bani and Sélingué. This program will also permit to build 270 hectares of fish ponds. It is expected it will produce annually 880 tons of fish. The program will directly affect nearly 12,000 farmers and some 100,000 to 110,000 people. This loan agreement is the eleventh between Mali and the Kuwaiti Fund of Mali. Mali is the first partner of the Fund in Africa [4].

• Land conflict in Nossombougou stops fish farming project

Nossombougou village, located in the circle of Kolokani is currently the focus of a land dispute that opposes Mr. Diallo Cheickna Wélé and some residents of the locality. Mr. Cheickna Wélé Diallo acquired 100 hectares Nossombougou to establish a dairy and fish farm. The estimates of this investment was around 2.8 billion CFA francs. However, a land conflict stop the investment and project until now [15].

Morocco

• King inaugurates the central laboratories of the NHRI

His Majesty the King inaugurated in Casablanca, the central laboratories of the National Institute for Fisheries Research (NHRI), made for a total investment of 90 million DH (MDH). After unveiling a commemorative plaque and cut the ribbon, the Sovereign has toured through the new scientific structure built on a plot of 8,000 m2, which includes 15 labs that can accommodate a hundred specialists in fisheries research. As part of the strategic plan "Halieutis", these laboratories are organized into three divisions dedicated to research on marine resources, oceanography and aquaculture, and monitoring quality and safety of the marine environment [17].

Namibia

• Fish and Crocodiles in Uis Mine Quarries

The old tin mine quarries at Uis, now full of water, are becoming the breeding grounds for Tilapia, Catfish... and Nile Crocodiles - commercially that is. Johan van der Westhuizen, a local businessman and creator of the Uis Tilapia and Crocodile farm, nursery and hatchery, has already got his plans rolling with nursery and hatching facilities at his lodge, and a culture system at the south-side quarry of the old tin mine. The Tilapia are breeding by the thousands, and since he started in August last year, he has already hatched 50 000 "small fry" (baby fish). He has also already supplied 120 fish to outlets in Windhoek, and the aim is to push production to four tonnes a month. The hatchery comprises of several small pools, where the fish are bred, hatched and nursed under ideal conditions until they are big enough to move to the 'floating cages' in the mine quarry. Within eight months the fish reach production size before being harvested and sold. As for the crocodiles, plans are on the move there too, and Van der Westhuizen is expecting to have the operation up and running by year-end. The croc farm will also be organized at the quarry, and the major product will be croc-leather with a secondary product in the form of meat - already on the menu at several restaurants and lodges around the country and marketed for its healthy zero-cholestrol quality. The project recently received a grant of close to N$800 000 from the Japanese Government [12].

• New breeding plant begins construction

The Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources (MFMR) began the construction of a new fish breeding plant in Leonardville 170 km south of Gobabis last week. It will be one of the country’s biggest and most equipped plant of its kind. The project will cost about NAM 36 million (USD 4.9 million). “The farm, unlike others, will be equipped with a hatchery, a nursery as well as a grow-out pond for the breeding of tilapia and catfish. It will be the first of its kind in Namibia,” said Director of Aquaculture Dr Ekkehard Klingelhoeffer, Informante reports. The Leonardville breeding farm will employ approximately 30 permanent staff and an additional 30-60 temporary staff for the effective running of the plant. The initial production capacity of the plant will be about 36 tonnes per year and ideally, at full production, 120 tonnes annually [23].

Nigeria

• Kado: Waterless, yet home to Abuja’s biggest fish market

Kado Fish Market situated at Life Camp in Abuja is probably the biggest fish market within the FCT and its environs. According to findings, the various species are derived from many sources but a higher percentage come from western part of the country particularly Ijebu Ode and Ibadan. It is also learnt that many residents of the FCT are also currently engaged in fish farming. The market started ten years ago and has come to be headquarters of fish marketers in the FCT. Mr. Raji said catfish, with many varieties, is the most popular among the others. Electric fish is the most expensive, but has very little meat for consumption. It has a very thick layer. People buy them for specific purposes. The little meat left behind for consumption by its nature is very delicious. A small size of such fish weighing 2.2 kilogramme and costs not less than N3,000. Mr. Jerry S. Adamu of the Nigerian Institute of Fisheries, New Bussa and member of Nigerian Union of Fishermen and Sea Food Dealers (NUFAS), said since the 2005 Fish Exhibition at Le Meridian Hotel in the FCT, many people have been investing in fish farming in Nigeria. It is not just about fresh fish alone. Alhaji Suleiman Ibrahim Kano said though the market focuses majorly on the sale of fresh fish, but lack of steady power has forced them to delve into dry fish business. Those who patronise the market, however, confirmed that prices of fishes are affordable at Kado Fish Market [14].

• Lagos presents scorecard on agriculture

It has become a tradition for ministries in Lagos State to give account of their perceived achievements annually, so it was in line with that the Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, under the leadership of Chief Enock Ajiboso presented its scorecards last week. Speaking at the Bagauda Khalto Press Center, Alausa, in commemoration of Three Years in Office of the Administration, the Commissioner for Agriculture noted that the task of feeding over 18million people in the state is an enormous task in a megacity state that has the highest population density and that the problem is more complex with its high industrial status, with a lot of competing needs for land. The state Ministry of Agriculture, for instance, has expanded its Marine Agriculture (LASMADEP) initiative by harnessing its aquatic potential towards accelerated fish production in the state. The LASMADEP initiative has created 400 jobs directly for beneficiaries and over 10,000 jobs indirectly to cage manufacturers, for feed millers and sales, fish marketers, processors and storage amongst others with the possibility of specialisation. The ministry has also initiated actions to replenish the declining threshold of water bodies in the state to improve fish landing. The AGRIC_YES initiative was also designed to produce first class entrepreneurial elite farmers in the area of poultry, fish farming, bee_keeping and all season vegetable farming as well as correct the problems of the old Farm Settlement Schemes in the state. Enock Ajiboso said "As of date, Cage and Pen culture system has diversified into the culture of Tilapia and Chrysicthes (Obokun) in addition to the cat fish that is already popular in the state. Private initiative has increased the number of cages from nine at the pilot stage to 29 statewide. The communities in which the pilot stages were established have taken ownership of the facilities as well as restock same on a sustainable basis. "The Ikorodu Fish Farm Estate, which has been fully subscribed is currently producing at 60 per cent of its capacity. An average of 3,000 tonnes of fresh fish was produced annually from the estate with over 400 jobs created directly and over 100,000 jobs indirectly. A technological incubation centre has been added with hatcheries and processing facilities that will add value to the estate. Approval has also been given for the establishment of a modern fish market in the sstate that would ease citizen's access to purchase fish at any time and day irrespective of the buyers' location. "With the success recorded at Ikorodu, the ministry has cleared a 60Ha farmland at Ketu, Ereyun in Epe LGA for another 400 plots capacity Fish Farm Estate. The land has been surveyed and laid out with the front fence, gate and site office in place. The estate which will be the largest Fish Farm Estate in Africa will produce about 20,000 Tonnes of fresh fish per annum," the commissioner said [24].

Senegal

• Modernization of Agriculture: Madické Niang wants the involvement of Turkey

The Minister of State, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Madické Niang Dakar on Tuesday urged Turkey to get involved in modernizing the country's agriculture to help it to improve returns. ''If trade is the largest component of cooperation between the two countries, we must explore other areas like agriculture, but also the health, livestock, aquaculture" said the Minister who opened the second Joint Commission between Senegal and Turkey [9] [21].

• Overexploitation hampers the development of fisheries

Senegal has adopted in the recent decades a policy of incentives to increase the catching capacity of fisheries. But this policy is now facing the problems of conservation and sustainable management of fisheries resources. Yet, according to statistics from the Ministry of Maritime Economy of Senegal, the sector's income is about 185 billion CFA francs (about 385 million dollars) annually. The sector also provides more than 600,000 jobs directly and indirectly. Aquaculture is still in its early stages although its development in the last few years has been one of the priorities of the Senegalese authorities. Its share in total fish production in the country was only 0.03 percent in 2009. Diene Ndong, Head of Projects and Planning at the National Aquaculture Agency (ANA) believes that the decline of fish stocks is linked to the ineffectiveness of production systems. "Senegal intends to integrate the club of fish farming countries with a production target of 159,000 tonnes by 2015, representing a contribution of 34 percent in domestic consumption of fish," he told IPS [16].

• The Aquaculture Agency wants to transform Senegal into an ''aquaculture country''

The National Aquaculture Agency works to make Senegal's aquaculture sector "irreversible" said one of its officials, Ly Aminata Ndiaye. Our focus is sustainability, stated Ms. Ndiaye who attended the 10th International Fair of Agriculture and Animal Resources (FIARA). To achieve its objectives, Ndiaye revealed that the agency has established an operational strategic plan, developed in partnership with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective is to reach 26,000 tons in 2010 and 150,000 tons in 2015 [31].

Tunisia

• Eight new aquaculture projects in Bizerte

The fisheries sector will be strengthened in Bizerte by eight aquaculture projects. These projects include sea cage farming of fish (3 projects), and shellfish farming in Bizerte Lake and in the sea (3) and fish farming in the dams (2). The total cost exceeds 21 million 227 thousand dinars. They will create 122 direct jobs and produce nearly 1,500 tons of fish and shellfish per year [5].

• Tunisia-Saudi Arabia cooperation on agriculture

A timetable for implementation of various axes of cooperation in agriculture has been adopted during the visit by the Tunisian Minister of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries in the Kingdom of 2 to 6 April 2010. The two countries have agreed to develop a cooperation on oil palm plantation, dates packaging, as well as fishing and fish farming. The Saudi Arabian side expressed its wish to benefit from the Tunisian experience, especially concerning the production of vaccines, fish farming in floating cages and examination of opportunities investment offered in this area [8].

• Agricultural production has increased by 50% since the Change, says President Ben Ali

In recent years, Tunisia achieved an increase in the harvest volume of crops such as cereals, olive oil, dairy produce and vegetables to reach an agricultural production of 50% since 1987 contributing to 10% of the country’s GDP, 10 % of exports and 18% in employment sector. These performances, which have positively influenced the food trade balance, “achieved an annual cover rate of 94% during the 10th Plan period compared with estimates of 90%”, said President Ben Ali in his address at the opening on Friday of the 14th Congress of the Tunisian Agriculture and Fisheries Union (UTAP). Regarding fish farming, the exploitation of fisheries wealth, and the preservation of biological balance, the Head of State instructed “to create a fund for financing biological rest, as well as increase by 50% the ceiling of investments intended for aquaculture projects”. In addition, he instructed to “carry out of a scientific study on the different fishing techniques, taking into consideration the requirements for the preservation of fisheries wealth” [26] [27].

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